Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, and writer. Cicero was one of the greatest orators and writers. His letters and speeches are a primary source of Latin text. More than 800 letters of Cicero survived. In the Senate, Cicero championed a return to the republican government, which is against the idea of Gaius Julius Caesar who played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire. In 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated by the Liberatores, a group of people supporting the Senate and the Republic. Cicero became a popular leader of the republicans. Later, Octavius, Caesar's adopted son and heir, formed the Second Triumvirate with Marcus Lepidus and Marcus Antonius. Cicero was proscribed as an enemy of the state by the Second Triumvirate and then killed in 43 BC.
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